【目的】目前我国选育和认定的超级稻品种很多,但如何发挥其高产潜力至关重要。氮素是影响水稻生长发育、产量和品质形成的最活跃因素之一,因此,深入分析籼、粳超级稻氮素吸收、利用与转运特征及其与产量形成的关系,从氮素营养层面上阐明超级粳稻高产形成机理,以期为超级稻品种的合理利用以及增产潜力的挖掘提供参考。【方法】2011~2012年在江苏苏中地区,以主体且具有代表性的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻-麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻主要生育期植株含氮率和氮素积累量、氮素阶段吸收速率和阶段吸收量、氮素利用效率,以及抽穗至成熟期叶、茎、鞘氮素转运量、表观转运率和转运贡献率等进行了系统的比较研究。【结果】1)粳稻平均实收产量、氮素吸收总量和百公斤籽粒吸氮量分别达10.89 t/hm2、224.50 kg/hm2和2.79 kg,分别较籼稻高13.21%、32.74%和17.45%,差异极显著。2)移栽~有效分蘖临界叶龄期、拔节~抽穗期和抽穗~成熟期,粳稻氮素积累量显著或极显著高于籼稻,而有效分蘖临界叶龄期~拔节期粳稻极显著低于籼稻。氮素阶段吸收速率表现的趋势与氮素阶段吸收量一致。3)抽穗期和成熟期粳稻植株各器官以及整个生育期整株的含氮率均显著或极显著高于籼稻。4)粳稻氮素吸收利用率和农学利用率略高于籼稻,但氮素生理利用率、籽粒生产效率、干物质生产效率和氮肥偏生产力,除氮素生理利用率外,均显著或极显著低于籼稻。5)成熟期,粳稻叶、茎、鞘含氮量所占比例均极显著地高于籼稻,但穗中含氮量所占比例极显著低于籼稻,因此,籼稻氮素收获指数极显著高于粳稻。6)抽穗~成熟期,粳稻叶、茎、鞘氮素转运量、表观转运率和转运贡献率均小于籼稻,除鞘的氮素转运贡献率外其他指标均达显著或极显著水平。7)籼稻籽粒氮主要依靠抽穗前源器官中贮积的氮素的输出与转运,粳稻主要依靠生育中后期(拔节~成熟期)氮素的高速吸收。【结论】在稳定生育前期(移栽~拔节期)氮素吸收的基础上,大幅提高生育中期和后期(拔节~成熟期)氮素吸收速率和氮素积累量,是稳定形成较高的氮素吸收总量及粳稻高产形成的关键。 [Objective] At present, there are many super rice varieties bred and identified in China, but it is of vital importance to develop their high yield potential. Nitrogen is one of the most active factors that affect the growth, yield and quality of rice. Therefore, the relationship between nitrogen absorption, utilization and translocation and the yield formation of indica and japonica rice was analyzed in depth. The mechanism of high-yielding of super-japonica rice was clarified in order to provide reference for the rational utilization of super-rice varieties and the potential of yield-increasing. 【Method】 Five major indica hybrid rice combinations and five conventional japonica super rice varieties, which were main and representative, were used as experimental materials in the middle of Jiangsu province from 2011 to 2012 to study the effects of indica, The plant nitrogen and nitrogen accumulation, the nitrogen uptake and uptake, the nitrogen use efficiency, and the translocation rate of nitrogen, nitrogen and nitrogen in leaves, stems and sheaths, And the contribution rate of transport carried out a systematic comparative study. 【Result】 The results showed that the average yield per harvest of japonica rice was 10.89 t / hm2, 2.24.50 kg / hm2 and 2.79 kg respectively, which were 13.21%, 32.74% and 17.45% higher than that of indica rice respectively. , The difference is very significant. 2) Critical stage of leaf transplanting to effective tillering stage, jointing to heading stage and heading stage to mature stage, the nitrogen accumulation of japonica rice was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of indica rice, while the effective leaf tillering stage to jointing stage japonica rice was significantly lower than Indica. The trend of nitrogen uptake rate is consistent with that of nitrogen uptake. 3) At heading and maturing stage, the nitrogen content of all organs of japonica rice and whole plant was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of indica rice. 4) The nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic efficiency of japonica rice were slightly higher than that of indica rice, but the nitrogen use efficiency, grain production efficiency, dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity were all significantly or extremely significant except nitrogen physiological utilization rate Lower than indica. 5) At maturity stage, the proportion of nitrogen content in leaves, stems and sheaths of japonica rice was significantly higher than that of indica rice, but the proportion of nitrogen content in panicles was significantly lower than that of indica rice. Therefore, the nitrogen harvest index of indica rice was extremely high In japonica rice. 6) From heading to maturity, the translocation amount, apparent translocation rate and translocation rate of leaves, stems and sheaths in japonica rice were all less than those in indica rice except for the sheath contribution rate of nitrogen transport reached significant or extremely significant level. 7) The grain nitrogen of indica rice relies mainly on the export and transport of nitrogen accumulated in the organs before heading, and the japonica rice relies mainly on the high-speed absorption of nitrogen in the mid-late growth stage (jointing-maturing stage). 【Conclusion】 On the basis of nitrogen absorption from the early stage of stable fertility (transplanting to jointing stage), the nitrogen uptake rate and nitrogen accumulation in the middle to late growing stage (from jointing stage to maturity stage) Succeeds total absorption and Japonica rice yield the key.