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文义解释作为最基本的刑法解释方法,具体包括通常文义解释、可能文义解释和模糊文义解释。在解释结果上,视其与以前的判断或日常用语的意义间差异,有扩张以及限缩的可能。文义原则上应当以通常语意进行理解,但如存在特定含义的状况则例外。无论基于何种解释立场,都必须以文本作为解释的出发点,也都承认必须以文义的可能范围为解释界限。文义本身具有复杂性,在文义所及的范围之内,主要应在文义核心部分使用有关词语,如此才能为刑法的安定性提供保证。就文义的扩张与规范类推适用而言,刑法解释当从“可能文义”出发,“可能文义”也是刑法解释的最外部界限。除此之外,文义解释不能脱离特定的民族文化进行解释。“冒充军警人员抢劫”、“持枪抢劫的”等立法文义及若干具体实践案例的分析表明,文义解释虽然有时能够直接根据规范保护目的的需要得以完成,但还是有必要进行体系协调性权衡,不能为了个案处理就直接导致刑法规范内体系冲突。
As the most basic method of interpretation of criminal law, the textual interpretation includes the usual textual interpretation, the possible textual interpretation and the ambiguous textual interpretation. In interpreting the results, there is the possibility of expansion and reduction as the difference between them and the previous judgment or the meaning of everyday language. The textual meaning should, in principle, be understood in the usual semantic meaning, except where there is a specific meaning. Whatever the position of interpretation, we must take the text as the starting point of explanation, and we also recognize that we must interpret the limits of the possible scope of the text. The text itself has the complexity. Within the scope of the text, the main words should be used in the core part of the text, so as to provide guarantee for the stability of the criminal law. As for the expansion of the literary meaning and the application of the analogy, the interpretation of criminal law should start from “possible literary meaning” and “possible literary meaning” is also the outermost limit of criminal law interpretation. In addition, the interpretation of the text can not be explained by the specific national culture. The analysis of the legal literatures and some specific practical cases such as “robbery posing as uniformed police officers” and “robbery of armed robbers” shows that although the interpretation of the literary meaning can sometimes be accomplished directly according to the need of regulating the purpose of protection, Necessary to balance the system of coordination, can not be handled for the case directly led to the conflict within the norms of criminal law.