利用光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)构建传感网络,结合其频谱特性和数据模板匹配处理方法,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)板低速冲击区域定位进行了研究。对同一测点进行等能量两次冲击,结果表明,同一测点的两次冲击信号幅频特性之间具有高度相似度。改变冲击位置,观测冲击位置与信号特征之间的关系。依据冲击信号幅频特性,构建低速冲击数据模板库。采用数据模板匹配算法,寻找最大相似度,实现冲击位置识别。实验结果表明,在500mm×500mm×2mm的CFRP板上对任意10个待测点进行低速冲击试验,均实现了准确定位,区域定位精度为80mm×80mm。研究结果为CFRP板的冲击定位检测提供了一种可靠的方法。 The sensing network was constructed by using fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and the location of low velocity impact zone of carbon fiber composite (CFRP) plate was studied by combining its spectral characteristics and data template matching processing method. The same measuring point was subjected to two equal energy impacts. The results show that there is a high degree of similarity between the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the two impact signals at the same measuring point. Change the impact location, observe the impact of the location and the relationship between the signal characteristics. Based on the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the impact signal, a low-speed impact data template library is constructed. Using data template matching algorithm to find the maximum similarity to achieve the impact of position identification. The experimental results show that the accurate positioning is achieved on any 10 test points on 500mm × 500mm × 2mm CFRP board under low speed impact test. The precision of the location is 80mm × 80mm. The results provide a reliable method for the impact localization test of CFRP board.