粘膜表面与外界广泛接触,是各种微生物和抗原物质进入机体的主要部位。由于大多数感染经粘膜发生,所以粘膜屏障的功能早为人们所重视。历来认为粘膜只是一种天然的机械屏障,属于非特异性免疫的一部分。虽然早在本世纪初就有人提出粘膜脱免疫反应的证据,但对粘膜免疫系统及其功能的认识还只是在近年来才逐步发展起来的。Ogra等认为,粘膜免疫系统又称局部免疫或分泌免疫系统,是指存在于粘膜表面的、复杂的特异性免疫反应系统。具有防御感染因子和有害抗原物质入侵的功能,并与粘膜的非免疫性防御因子密切配 Mucosal surface with extensive contact with the outside world, is a variety of microorganisms and antigenic substances into the body’s main part. Since most infections occur through the mucosa, the function of the mucosal barrier has long been valued by people. Traditionally, mucosa is considered a natural mechanical barrier and is part of nonspecific immunity. Although evidence of mucosal de-immunization has been proposed as early as the beginning of this century, the understanding of the mucosal immune system and its function has only been gradually developed in recent years. Ogra think that the mucosal immune system, also known as local immune or secretory immune system, refers to the mucosal surface exists in the complex specific immune response system. Has the defense of infectious agents and harmful antigenic material invasion, and mucosal non-immune defensive factor closely