通过拉伸试验、金相显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析研究了85 mm厚的2297-T87铝合金厚板力学性能的各向异性与厚度方向的不均匀性。结果表明:在2297-T87合金厚板L方向上力学性能沿厚度层呈不均匀性,从表层到中心强度逐渐提高,而LT方向性能变化不明显;织构沿厚度方向分布不均匀,厚板中心主要是β纤维成分和部分的Goss织构;而表层除了少量变形织构,还存在再结晶织构;T/8厚度为大量的剪切织构;T/4厚度层是一个过渡层,同时存在少量再结晶织构、剪切织构和β纤维。同一厚度层不同方向的力学性能各向异性较为明显,强度和塑性的变化趋势一致:L>LT>ST。这种各向异性与晶粒结构和第二相粒子有关。 The mechanical properties anisotropy and thickness inhomogeneity of 85 mm thick 2297-T87 aluminum alloy plate were investigated by tensile test, optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the mechanical properties along the L-direction of 2297-T87 alloy plate are inhomogeneous along the thickness, the strength increases gradually from the surface to the center, while the LT direction does not change obviously. The distribution of the texture in the thickness direction is not uniform, The center is mainly composed of β-fiber and some Goss texture. In addition to a small amount of textured texture, recrystallization texture exists in the surface. T / 8 thickness is a lot of shear texture. T / 4 thickness layer is a transition layer, At the same time there is a small amount of recrystallized texture, shear texture and beta fiber. The anisotropy of mechanical properties in different directions of the same thickness is obvious, and the trend of strength and plasticity are the same: L> LT> ST. This anisotropy is related to the grain structure and the second phase particles.