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超导技术是21世纪具有重大经济和战略意义的高新技术,在国民经济诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景,如在超导弱电应用中的超导量子干涉器、滤波器;在超导强电应用中的电缆、限流器、电机、储能系统、变压器、磁体技术、医疗核磁共振成像、高能物理实验和高速交通输运等。实用化超导材料是超导技术发展的基础。目前,国际上发现的实用化超导材料主要有低温超导线材、铋系高温超导带材、YBCO涂层导体、MgB_2线带材以及新型铁基超导线带材。文章在简要介绍超导材料发展历程的基础上,重点综述了上述实用化超导材料制备及加工、性能和应用方面的最新研究进展,并对相关领域存在的问题及今后的发展作出展望。
Superconducting technology is a high-tech with great economic and strategic significance in the 21st century. It has broad application prospects in many fields of national economy, such as superconducting quantum interference devices and filters in superconducting and weak electric applications; superconducting and high-power applications In the cable, current limiter, motor, energy storage system, transformer, magnet technology, medical MRI, high energy physics experiments and high-speed transport and so on. Practical superconducting materials is the basis for the development of superconducting technology. At present, the practical superconducting materials found in the world are mainly low-temperature superconducting wires, bismuth-based superconducting tapes, YBCO coated conductors, MgB 2 wire rods and new iron-based superconducting wire rods. Based on the brief introduction of the development history of superconducting materials, the article reviews the recent progress in the preparation, processing, properties and application of the practical superconducting materials mentioned above, and also presents the problems in the related fields and the prospects for their future development.