等效法是初中科学学科中常用的科学思维方法。所谓等效法就是在特定的某种意义上,在保证效果相同的前提下,将陌生的、复杂的、难处理的问题转换成熟悉的、容易的、易处理的一种方法,能够灵活地解决问题。下面就以几道典型例题为主线,简单阐述等效法在初中物理习题中的应用。一、等效高度法原题1如图1所示,一个实心铁质近半球形的物体,体积V为2000 cm~3,底面积S为300cm~2,底部与容器紧密相连为一整体,此时容器底面距水面的距 Equivalence is a commonly used method of scientific thinking in junior high school science. The so-called equivalence method is in a certain sense, under the premise of the same guarantee effect, the strange, complex, difficult to convert the problem into a familiar, easy, easy to handle a method that can be flexibly resolved problem. Here are a few typical examples of the main line, simply explain the equivalence method in junior high school physics exercises. First, the equivalent height method Title 1 As shown in Figure 1, a solid iron near hemispherical objects, the volume V is 2000 cm ~ 3, the bottom area S is 300cm ~ 2, the bottom and the container are closely linked as a whole, At this point the distance from the water surface of the bottom of the container