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在黄河下游河流生态环境需水量和河流系统功能研究的基础上,结合研究区域的实际情况,针对水资源在河流系统中的不同服务目标,将通过黄河下游各主要水文断面的水资源划分为生态环境水、资源水和灾害水3个组成部分(简称“三水”),并分别对“三水”的概念及其在实践中的意义进行了阐述.通过对1950～2001年逐日水文数据的整理分析,计算了每年的“三水”数量,探讨了50多年来“三水”的相互转化情况及其变化规律.结果表明,自20世纪50年代以来,尽管水资源优先用于满足河流系统功能最基本的需要,但可用生态环境水在比例增加的同时水量却不断减少,与黄河下游河道最小生态环境需水量的差值不断增大;而潜在可利用的资源水无论是数量还是比例均呈明显减少趋势.20世纪90年代以来,沿岸实际需水量已经超过潜在可利用的资源水量而需动用早已不足的生态环境水,使河流系统正常功能进一步受损、河道日益萎缩,进而导致灾害水在总水量大幅减少的情况下其比例及潜在危害仍无明显减小.
Based on the research on ecological environment water requirement and river system function of the lower Yellow River, combined with the actual situation of the study area, the water resources in all major hydrological sections of the lower reaches of the Yellow River are classified into ecological Environmental water, resource water and disaster water (referred to as “Sanshui”) respectively, and elaborates the concept of “Sanshui” and its significance in practice respectively.According to the daily hydrological data from 1950 to 2001 Analyzed and calculated the annual quantity of “Sanshui” and explored the mutual transformation of “Sanshui” over the past 50 years and the changing rules.The results show that although water resources have been used preferentially to meet the needs of river systems since the 1950s, But the difference between available ecological water and the minimum ecological water requirement in the lower reaches of the Yellow River keeps increasing. However, the potential available water resources both in quantity and proportion Showing a clear trend of decrease since the 1990s, the actual water demand along the coast has exceeded the potential of available resources and the need to use the already insufficient water Environmental water, so that further damage the normal function of the river system, river shrinking, which led to disaster in the case of water significantly reduce the total amount of water and the proportion of its potential harm no noticeable decrease.