Nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulated in mesoporous TiO2 nanotubes for fast capacitive sodium storage

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Controllable synthesis of insertion-type anode materials with beneficial micro-and nanostructures is a promising approach for the synthesis of sodium-ion storage devices with high-reactivity and excellent electrochemical performance.In this study,we developed a sacrificial-templating route to synthesize TiO2@N-doped carbon nanotubes(TiO2@NC-NTs)with excellent electrochemical performance.The as-prepared mesoporous TiO2@NC-NTs with tiny nanocrystals of anatase TiO2 wrapped in N-doped carbon layers showed a well-defined tube structure with a large specific surface area of 198 m2 g-1 and a large pore size of~5 nm.The TiO2@NC-NTs delivered high reversible capacities of 158 mA h g-1 at 2 C(1 C =335 mA g-1)for 2200 cycles and 146 mA h g-1 at 5 C for 4000 cycles,as well as an ultrahigh rate capa-bility of up to 40 C with a capacity of 98 mA h g-1.Even at a high current density of 10 C,a capacity of 138 mA h g-1 could be delivered over 10,000 cycles.Thus,the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2@NC-NTs was demonstrated to be an efficient approach for developing electrode materials with high sodium storage and long cycle life.
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