权利是为(或不为)特定行为或是处于(或不处于)特定状态的资格;或是使他人为(或不为)特定行为或是处于(或不处于)特定状态的资格。权利支配着当代对何种行为是容许的以及哪些制度是公正的理解。正如其现在被理解的那样,权利型塑着政府的形式、法律的内容以及道德的状况。接受一套权利就是赞同一套对自由与权力的分配,也是支持一种可以做什么、必须做什么以及不得做什么的特定观点。这一词条以叙述权利的本质开始,包括其分类、结构与功能。然后,它将回顾权利话语的历史,以及权利与理由之间的各种关系。这一词条对当今权利证成的主要哲学路径进行了比较,并以对权利以及权利话语之批评的考察结束。 Whether the right is (or is not) a specific act or is (or is not) in a particular state qualifications; or to make others (or not) a particular act or is (or is not) in a particular state eligibility. Rights dominate contemporary tolerance of what kinds of behaviors and which ones are just understandings. As it is now understood, rights models the form of government, the content of law, and moral conditions. To accept a set of rights is to endorse a set of distribution of freedom and power, as well as to support a particular view of what can be done, what must be done, and what must not be done. The term begins with a narrative of the right, including its classification, structure and function. It will then review the history of rights discourse and the various relationships between rights and reasons. This entry compares the main philosophical paths of the present entitlement and concludes with a critique of the right and the discourse of rights.