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当代印第安作家和学者大多都强调印第安文化传统的独特价值,主张继承和保护。与此形成鲜明对照的是,早期北美印第安作者们几乎都对印第安文化的“原始落后”和欧洲文化的“文明先进”深信不疑。他们一方面号召印第安同胞放弃自己的传统生活方式,向来自欧洲的统治民族学习。另一方面请求统治者积极帮助印第安人学习主流社会的生活方式,步入现代文明。究其原因,本文认为,这些印第安作者接受了欧式教育,学会了英语,因而在不知不觉之中接受了处于支配地位的启蒙话语,尤其是以“文明-野蛮”为核心的二元对立论。这正好印证了福柯的观点,谁生产了知识,谁就掌握了话语权,他的话就是当然的“真理”。
Contemporary Indian writers and scholars mostly emphasize the unique value of Indian cultural traditions and advocate inheritance and protection. In stark contrast, almost all early North American writers were almost convinced of the “primitive backwardness” of Indian culture and the “advanced civilization” of European culture. On the one hand, they called on the Indian compatriots to abandon their traditional way of life and learn from the dominant ethnic groups in Europe. On the other hand, they asked the rulers to actively help Indians learn the lifestyle of the mainstream society and enter the modern civilization. The reason is that this article argues that these Indian writers accepted the European education and learned English and thus unconsciously accepted the dominating discourse of enlightenment, especially the binary system centered on “Civilization - Barbarism ” Opposition. This just confirms Foucault’s point of view, who produced the knowledge, who has the right to speak, his words are, of course, “truth ”.