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应用回顾性队列研究方法对淄博矿区１２个煤矿１９７７年１月１日在册的２０３７例煤矿尘肺的死因进行了调查。队列成员追访至１９８６年，共死亡４４３人，煤矿尘肺全死因死亡率为２４０８．８／１０万，与用山东省居民死亡率计算的期望值比较显著超高，ＳＭＲ＝２３５，９５％ＣＩ＝２１４～２５８。４非恶性呼吸道疾病（主要是尘肺病）死亡为全死因之首，占２５．１％，其次是恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病和肺结核。恶性肿瘤死亡明显超高，ＳＭＲ＝１９０，且主要集中于肺癌（占５９．２％，ＳＭＲ＝５５６），与呼吸道疾病相关的肺心病ＳＭＲ＝１９０，以及肺结核ＳＭＲ＝１００６的死亡率也明显超高。在掘进工和采煤工尘肺中，全死因、呼吸系疾病、恶性肿瘤、肺结核的死亡率显著增高，Ｐ＜０．０１。此外，在掘进工尘肺中心血管疾病，尤其是肺心病的死亡人数高于预期值（ＳＭＲ＝２７１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the causes of pneumoconiosis in 2037 coal mines, which were listed on January 1, 1977, of 12 coal mines in Zibo Mining Area. The members of the cohort traced to 1986 with a total of 443 deaths. The all-cause mortality rate of pneumoconiosis in coal mines was 2408.8 / 100 000, which was significantly higher than the expected value calculated from the mortality of residents in Shandong Province. SMR = 235, 95% CI = 214 to 258.4 Non-malignant respiratory disease (mainly pneumoconiosis) died the first among all causes of death, accounting for 25.1%, followed by malignancies, cardiovascular disease and tuberculosis. Mortality of malignancy was significantly higher, SMR = 190, with a predominant focus on lung cancer (59.2%, SMR = 556), SMR = 190 for respiratory disease and SMR = 1006 for tuberculosis high. Mortar and coal miners pneumoconiosis, all cause of death, respiratory disease, cancer, tuberculosis mortality was significantly increased, P <0.01. In addition, deaths from cardiovascular disease, especially pulmonary heart disease, were higher than expected in tunneling workers’ pneumoconiosis (SMR = 271, P <0.01).