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目的定量估算敞放散养的日本血吸虫感染性山羊粪便对江滩环境的污染范围和面积,为科学评估散养山羊在日本血吸虫病传播中的作用及制定防控措施提供理论依据。方法采用自制羊粪收集背袋收集每只感染性山羊白天(12 h)排放的全部粪便,称重并统计羊粪颗粒数。采用插卡式多功能轨迹记录器现场记录敞放散养山羊白天在江滩游走采食的活动轨迹和速度,推算羊粪污染江滩的最大范围,估算羊粪中虫卵孵化出的毛蚴可感染环境中钉螺的最大面积。结果敞放散养的日本血吸虫感染性山羊白天(12 h)在江滩采食游走过程中的平均排粪量为(232.8±39.8)g/只,每只山羊白天排出的粪便由(819.2±152.1)颗粪粒构成;山羊平均游走速度为(0.522 7±0.099 7)km/h,白天按12 h计算最长往返距离平均为(6.272 4±1.195 8)km;山羊白天游走的最大活动半径为3.136 2 km,最大活动范围(即粪便可污染江滩的最大面积)平均为(3 191.113 0±1 189.709 4)hm~2,推算羊粪中虫卵孵出的毛蚴可感染钉螺的面积(即需要重点查/灭感染性钉螺的范围)平均为(3 210.717 5±1 190.907 3)hm~2。结论敞放散养在江滩上的日本血吸虫感染性山羊排出的粪便中所含血吸虫虫卵对环境的污染强度与感染性山羊数量有关;有固定过夜羊舍的敞放散养羊群粪便对江滩的污染范围相对稳定在白天游走范围内。羊粪对江滩的污染范围与山羊养殖户数及羊舍分布有关;羊粪中血吸虫卵孵化出毛蚴可感染钉螺的面积大于羊粪中虫卵的污染面积,即查、灭感染性钉螺范围大于发现羊粪的范围。
Objective To quantitatively estimate the scope and area of the pollution of the beach environment caused by the open goat schistosomiasis infected goat manure, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific assessment of the role of free-range goats in the spread of schistosomiasis japonica and to develop prevention and control measures. Methods Total fecal material discharged from each infected goat during the daytime (12 h) was collected using a homemade sheep feces collection backpack, and the fecal pellets were weighed and counted. The use of plug-in multi-function track recorder on-site recording of free-range goats in the river during the day walking tour of feed activity and speed, calculate the maximum range of sheep dung contaminated river beach, estimated ovine hatch eggs ovule miracid Infected snails the largest area. Results The mean fecal excretion of Japanese schistosome infected goats exposed to riverbanks during the daytime (12 h) was (232.8 ± 39.8) g / bird, and that of the goats discharged from the open day was (819.2 ± 152.1). The average walking speed of goats was (0.522 7 ± 0.099 7) km / h, and the longest reciprocation distance was (6.272 4 ± 1.195 8) km at 12 h in daytime. The radius of activity is 3.136 2 km. The maximum range of activity (ie, the maximum area that can be contaminated by manure) is (3 191.113 0 ± 1 189.709 4) hm ~ 2. The area (that is, the range of need to focus on detecting / killing infectious snails) averaged (3 210.717 5 ± 1 190.907 3) hm -2. Conclusions The intensity of environmental pollution caused by Schistosoma japonicum eggs contained in the excrement of Schistosoma japonicum infected goats, which is loosely supported on the beach, is related to the number of infected goats. The pollution range is relatively stable within the daytime walk range. Sheep dung on the river beach pollution and the number of goats and sheep breeding distribution; Sheep in schistosomiasis eggs hatching miracidosis infected snails larger than the area of sheep feces in the contaminated area, that check, eliminate the scope of infectious snails Greater than the scope of the discovery of sheep manure.