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改革开放后,中国对外贸易取得了长足进步,成为世界第三大贸易国。外资企业作为中国贸易规模的主要贡献者,其出口增长速度超过了国内企业,并对中国的外贸结构提升起到了很大作用。但外资企业对出口的数量贡献掩盖了其竞争力贡献的不足,既出现了低层次风险,引起贸易摩擦增多,也带来福利低微化风险;同时还由于根植性不够而带来草根化风险。因此,中国必须实现外贸战略的转变,改变“数量”追求,提高产品附加价值,培养国内竞争主体,培育稀缺要素。
After the reform and opening up, China made great strides in its foreign trade and became the third largest trading nation in the world. As the major contributor to the size of China’s trade, foreign-funded enterprises have seen their export growth rate surpass that of domestic enterprises and played a significant role in boosting China’s foreign trade structure. However, the contribution of foreign-funded enterprises in export volume obscures the insufficiency of their contribution to competitiveness. Both low-level risks have emerged, causing more trade frictions and low welfare risks. At the same time, they also bring grassroots risks due to insufficient rooting. Therefore, China must realize the transformation of its foreign trade strategy, change the pursuit of “quantity”, raise the added value of products, cultivate the main body of domestic competition and cultivate the scarce elements.