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为探究玉米矮化病的病原,采用Ludox TM悬浮法对从吉林和辽宁采集的玉米矮化病株及其根际土壤和健康株根际土壤分离的线虫进行了鉴定和种群比较,并对矮化病株茎基组织PCR产物进行测序分析。结果表明:玉米健康株根际土壤分离出29属线虫,特有线虫是角咽线虫属Actinolaimus和木盾移线虫属Peltamigratus,矮化玉米病株根际土壤分离出28属线虫,特有线虫为锥线虫属Dolichorus,二者相同的线虫属有27个。矮化玉米病株根际土壤中植物线虫种类和数量明显比健康株根际土壤中高,线虫种群数量差异明显的主要是矮化线虫属Tylenchorhynchus、短体线虫属Pratylenchus和刺线虫属Belonolaimus,病株根际土壤中这3个属线虫总数约占病株土壤分离线虫总数的20.23%、11.27%和10.40%。玉米矮化病株茎基组织中短体线虫属和矮化线虫属数量占优势,2个属的线虫数量分别占测序总数的22%、14%(吉林长岭)和16%、20%(辽宁黑山)。表明玉米矮化病的发生与植物线虫相关,很可能是多种线虫共同引起的病害。
In order to explore the pathogen of maize dwarf disease, the nematodes isolated from maize dwarfing strains collected from Jilin and Liaoning Province and rhizosphere soils of rhizosphere soil and healthy plants were identified and compared by Ludox TM suspension method. The PCR products of the diseased plant stem tissue were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genus Nematode was isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy maize plants. The endemic nematodes were Actinolaimus and Peltamigratus, and 28 genera were isolated from rhizosphere soil of dwarf maize. Is a genus of Dolichorus, with 27 nematodes both. The species and quantity of plant nematodes in rhizosphere soil of dwarf maize diseased plants were significantly higher than those in healthy soil rhizosphere soil. The main difference between nematode population and dwarf maize was Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus and Belonolaimus The total number of nematodes of these three genera in rhizosphere soil accounted for about 20.23%, 11.27% and 10.40% of the total number of soil isolated nematodes in diseased plants. The numbers of nematodes and dwarfism nematodes in the stem tissue of maize dwarf disease were dominant, and the number of nematodes in 2 genera accounted for 22%, 14% (Changling) and 16%, 20% Liaoning Montenegro). The results showed that the occurrence of maize dwarfism was related to plant nematode, which is probably caused by many kinds of nematodes.