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目的研究西安市空气污染物二氧化硫(SO_2)、二氧化氮(NO_2)和PM_(10)对出生缺陷的影响。方法从西安市妇幼保健院获得西安市2010-2015年出生缺陷监测资料,从西安市环境监测站获得同期空气污染资料,从西安市气象站获得同期气象监测资料,采用广义相加模型控制长期趋势、季节、气温和相对湿度影响,探讨空气污染物与出生缺陷的相关性。结果研究期间西安市月平均出生缺陷达89例;SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)月平均密度分别是34.05、45.13、96.77μg/m~3;月平均温度为13.57℃;相对湿度为63.20%。在广义相加泊松回归模型(GAM)中,空气污染物SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)与出生缺陷有关且有一定的滞后效应,均在临产前10月的效应达到最大值,各污染物密度每增加10μg/m~3,RR(95%CI)分别为:1.060(1.023~1.097)、1.033(1.014~1.052)和1.018(1.007~1.029),且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西安市空气污染物SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)与出生缺陷的发生相关。
Objective To study the effects of SO_2, NO_2 and PM_ (10) on the birth defects of air pollutants in Xi’an. Methods The data of birth defects monitoring in Xi’an from 2010-2015 were obtained from Xi’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The data of air pollution were obtained from Xi’an Environmental Monitoring Station. The meteorological monitoring data were obtained from Xi’an meteorological station. The generalized additive model was used to control the long-term trend , Season, temperature and relative humidity to explore the correlation between air pollutants and birth defects. Results The average monthly birth defects in Xi’an during the study period were 89 cases. The average monthly SO_2, NO_2 and PM_ (10) concentrations were 34.05, 45.13 and 96.77 μg / m ~ 3 respectively. The average monthly temperature was 13.57 ℃ and the relative humidity was 63.20%. In Generalized Additive Poisson Regression Model (GAM), the air pollutants SO_2, NO_2, PM_ (10) are related to birth defects and have some lag effect, all reaching the maximum effect in pre-labor October. The pollutants The RR (95% CI) was 1.060 (1.023 ~ 1.097), 1.033 (1.014 ~ 1.052) and 1.018 (1.007 ~ 1.029) for each 10 μg / m ~ ). Conclusion The air pollutants SO_2, NO_2, PM_ (10) in Xi’an are related to the birth defects.