在社会科学领域,个人主义与整体主义之争都是一个古老而又常新的话题。它们之间的争论主要集中于方法论上意见的不同,而有关本体论问题的探讨,较为少见且存在不少问题。基于本体论认识对于社会科学研究中其他核心问题的重要影响力,文章从社会事实、社会的本质构成以及整体与个体的关系等社会本体论研究的核心主题出发,基于近年来相关研究的新成果,对之进行了较为详尽的考察,以期为这一问题的深层次探讨提供一些新的思考。 In the social sciences, the dispute between individualism and holism is an old and new topic. The controversy between them mainly focuses on the difference of methodological opinions. However, the discussion of ontological issues is relatively rare and there are many problems. Based on the important influence of ontology cognition on other core issues in social science research, the article starts from the core topics of social ontology research, such as social facts, the essential composition of society and the relationship between whole and individual, and based on the new achievements of related researches in recent years , Conducted a more detailed investigation of it, with a view to providing some new ideas for the deep discussion on this issue.