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目的了解乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族、汉族儿童百日咳抗体水平、民族差异,以及与其他地区的差异,为百日咳的预防接种工作提供指导。方法 2013年9~10月间对乌鲁木齐市七区一县共计350名儿童进行采血,使用ELISA方法检测百日咳抗体水平,使用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。结果乌鲁木齐汉族儿童百日咳抗体阳性率为88.23%,维吾尔族儿童抗体阳性率为87.36%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.049,P>0.05);汉族儿童的百日咳抗体浓度为(18.85±28.36)IU/ml,要高于维吾尔族的(15.36±22.55)IU/ml,经秩和检验发现差异有统计学意义(Z=2.052,P<0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐维吾尔族、汉族儿童的百日咳抗体滴度水平之间存在明显差异,可能与不同民族间遗传因素有关;百日咳抗体水平并未随年龄增长而下降,提示接种疫苗可以起到较好的保护作用。应加强健康教育,以提高家长对百日咳的知晓率,从而提高全程接种率。
Objective To understand the prevalence, national differences and differences of the pertussis antibodies among Uygur and Han children in Urumqi and other regions in order to provide guidance for the preventive vaccination of whooping cough. Methods Blood samples were collected from 350 children in seven districts and one county in Urumqi from September to October 2013. The antibody levels of whooping cough were detected by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0. Results The prevalence of pertussis antibody in Han children in Urumqi was 88.23%, while that of Uygur children was 87.36% (χ ~ 2 = 0.049, P> 0.05). The antibody concentration of pertussis in Han children was (18.85) ± 28.36) IU / ml, which was higher than that of Uygur (15.36 ± 22.55) IU / ml. The rank sum test showed that the difference was statistically significant (Z = 2.052, P <0.05). Conclusions There is a significant difference in the titers of pertussis antibodies between Uygur and Han children in Urumqi, which may be related to the genetic factors among different ethnic groups. The level of pertussis antibody does not decrease with the increase of age, suggesting that vaccination may be a good protective effect . Health education should be strengthened to raise parents’ awareness of whooping cough so as to raise the overall vaccination rate.