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目的掌握钢铁企业工人职业中毒防控知识水平及相关因素,为进一步增强工人职业中毒防范能力提出有效措施和建议。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,发放调查问卷,收集资料。使用t检验、方差分析及线性回归方法进行数据分析。结果 1工人的法律知识水平低于基本知识水平,t=11.789,P<0.05。2工人基本知识得分与年龄呈线性关系,F=3.313,P<0.05,随着工人年龄的增加,其职业中毒防制基本知识水平越高。3工人总体知识水平、基本知识水平、法律法规知识水平均与学历呈线性相关关系,学历越高劳动者职业中毒防制知识水平越高。4私有企业工人的职业中毒知识水平低于国有企业工人。5工人职业中毒防制基本知识的薄弱方面是对职业危害因素理化性质及其引起的中毒症状了解不够。6工人法律法规知识薄弱方面是对职业中毒种类、突发事件与职业中毒关系、职业中毒诊断部门、职业中毒分类、工人体检周期等知识掌握不足。结论针对职业中毒防制知识水平低的重点人群,应加强职业中毒相关知识培训,提高其知识水平;针对工人基本知识水平低的薄弱方面,应重点加强职业危害因素理化性质和中毒症状的培训,以知识为后盾,提高工人职业中毒防制水平;针对工人法律法规知识的薄弱方面,应不断提高企业和工人对法律法规的重视程度,加强培训和学习,用法律武器保护工人的健康和权益。
Objective To master the prevention and control knowledge of occupational poisoning in steel enterprises and related factors, and to put forward effective measures and suggestions for further strengthening the prevention and control of occupational poisonings in workers. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to issue questionnaires and collect data. T-test, ANOVA and linear regression methods were used for data analysis. Results 1 The level of legal knowledge of workers was lower than the level of basic knowledge, t = 11.789, P <0.05.2 The score of basic knowledge of workers was linear with age, F = 3.313, P <0.05. As workers’ ages increased, The higher the level of basic knowledge of prevention. 3 The overall level of knowledge of workers, the level of basic knowledge, knowledge of laws and regulations and the academic records were linearly related to the higher the qualifications of workers occupational poisoning control the higher the level of knowledge. 4 The knowledge level of occupational poisoning in private enterprise workers is lower than that of workers in state-owned enterprises. 5 The weak aspect of workers’ basic knowledge of occupational poisoning is that they do not know enough about the physicochemical properties of occupational hazards and the symptoms of poisoning caused by them. 6 workers knowledge of laws and regulations is weak aspects of occupational poisoning, the relationship between emergencies and occupational poisoning, occupational poisoning diagnostic departments, occupational poisoning classification, workers lack of knowledge of the physical examination cycle. Conclusions Aiming at the key population with low knowledge of occupational poisoning, we should strengthen the training of knowledge about occupational poisoning and improve their knowledge level. In view of the weakness of low level of basic knowledge of workers, we should focus on strengthening the training of physical and chemical properties and poisoning symptoms of occupational hazards, With knowledge as backing, workers ’occupational poisoning prevention level should be raised. For the weak knowledge of workers’ laws and regulations, enterprises and workers should be constantly attached importance to laws and regulations, training and learning should be strengthened, and the legal weapons should be used to protect the health and rights of workers.