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80年代是非洲经济调整、改革的十年,这种调整、改革意味着非洲国家经济发展战略的某种转变,将对未来非洲经济发展产生重大影响。 一 1981年,正当非洲大陆经济出现严重危机的时刻,世界银行发表了题为《撒哈拉以南非洲的加速发展》的报告(又称《伯格报告》)。报告认为“国内政策失误”比“内在约束机制”以及“恶化的国际经济环境”在造成目前的困难方面起了更大的作用,指出:“国内政策尤其是在三个关键领域出现失误,首先,贸易及汇率政策过份强调保护工业,抑制了农业
The 1980s were the period of economic restructuring and reform in Africa. Such adjustments and reforms mean that some changes in the economic development strategies of African countries will have a significant impact on the future economic development of Africa. In 1981, at the very moment of crisis in the African continent, the World Bank delivered a report entitled “Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa” (aka “the Burg Report”). The report argues that “domestic policy failures” play a greater role in creating current difficulties than the “internal restraint mechanism” and the “deteriorating international economic environment,” stating: "Domestic policies, especially in three key areas, fail first and foremost Trade and exchange rate policy overemphasize the protection of industry and the suppression of agriculture