[目的]探讨不同职业锰暴露水平对锰冶炼厂工人认知能力的影响及其他可能影响其认知能力的因素。[方法]选择广西某锰冶炼厂240名男性冶炼工人为暴露组,按锰累积暴露指数(CEI)分为高暴露组(CEI≥2.000,86名)和低暴露组(CEI<2.000,154名),以同一地区某糖厂240名男性工人为对照组,调查其一般情况,并采用北京版蒙特利尔认知评估调查问卷对认知能力进行调查。[结果]该厂锰作业男性工人CEI与认知能力呈负相关(r=-0.324,P<0.05)。控制年龄、婚姻状况等协变量后,暴露组工人认知能力低于对照组人群(P<0.01),且高暴露组工人认知能力低于低暴露组(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,影响锰暴露工人认知能力的因素有:年龄、文化水平、CEI、吸烟指数(均P<0.05)。[结论]职业性锰暴露可能降低锰冶炼厂男性工人认知能力;此外,年龄、文化水平、吸烟也可影响锰冶炼工人的认知能力。 [Objective] The research aimed to discuss the influence of manganese exposure of different occupations on cognitive ability of manganese smelter workers and other factors that may affect their cognitive abilities. [Method] A total of 240 male smelters from a manganese smelter in Guangxi were selected as the exposure group. According to the cumulative exposure index (CEI), the manganese exposure index (CEI) was divided into high exposure group (CEI≥2.000 and 86) and low exposure group (CEI <2.000, ). 240 male workers from a sugar factory in the same area were selected as the control group to investigate the general situation. The cognition ability of the Montreal Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire was used to investigate the cognitive ability. [Results] The CEI of male workers in manganese factory was negatively correlated with cognitive ability (r = -0.324, P <0.05). After controlling for covariates such as age and marital status, the cognition of workers in exposed group was lower than that in control group (P <0.01), and the cognition of workers in high exposure group was lower than that of low exposure group (P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the cognitive ability of workers exposed to manganese were age, education level, CEI, and smoking index (all P <0.05). [Conclusion] Occupational exposure to manganese may reduce the cognitive ability of male workers in manganese smelters. In addition, age, literacy and smoking may also affect the cognitive ability of manganese smelters.