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目的评价2009年上海市中小学生接种甲型H1N1流行性感冒疫苗(简称甲流疫苗)的流行病学效果。方法研究对象为长宁、杨浦、闸北、普陀、浦东新区和崇明县内接受甲流疫苗接种(接种组)和未接受甲流疫苗接种(对照组)的在校中小学生,分别收集接种组与对照组学生每日的发热和流感样病例数,通过计算疫苗保护率和保护效果指数,以评价甲流疫苗的流行病学效果。结果甲流疫苗接种前,流感样病例的发病高峰是在2009年11月,流感样病例罹患率达6.19%。接种疫苗后,接种组发热的罹患率为0.98%,流感样病例的罹患率为0.61%;对照组发热的罹患率为2.37%,流感样病例的罹患率为1.75%。与对照组相比,接种组甲流疫苗接种后控制发热的保护率为58.65%,保护效果指数为2.42,控制流感样病例的保护率为65.14%,保护效果指数为2.87。结论接种甲流疫苗可以降低中小学生发热及流感样病例的发生率,具有一定的保护作用。
Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effects of vaccination of primary and secondary school students in Shanghai in 2009 on influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. Method The study was conducted in primary and secondary school students in Changning, Yangpu, Zhabei, Putuo, Pudong New Area and Chongming County receiving a flu vaccine (inoculation group) and a flu vaccine group (control group), and the vaccination group and the control group Group of students daily fever and flu-like cases, by calculating the vaccine protection rate and protection effect index, to evaluate the epidemiological effect of a flu vaccine. Results Before the influenza A vaccination, the peak incidence of influenza-like cases was in November 2009, and the incidence of influenza-like cases reached 6.19%. After vaccination, the incidence of fever in the vaccinated group was 0.98%, the incidence of influenza-like illness was 0.61%; the incidence of fever in the control group was 2.37%, and the incidence of influenza-like illness was 1.75%. Compared with the control group, the protection rate of the control fever after inoculation group vaccination was 58.65%, the protection effect index was 2.42, the control rate of influenza-like cases was 65.14%, and the protection effect index was 2.87. Conclusion Inoculation of A flu vaccine can reduce the incidence of fever and flu-like illness in primary and secondary school students, and has a certain protective effect.