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目的探讨2010-2014年宁海县手足口病的流行特征与规律。方法应用描述流行病学方法,对256例手足口病患者的性别、年龄、职业、居住地和发病时间等一般疫情资料进行分析,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测患者病毒RNA。结果 (1)每年5-7月为手足口病发病的高峰期,其中5月占23.05%,6月和7月分别占17.97%和15.23%。(2)城乡结合部发病人数最多,占55.08%;其次为郊区26.17%,城区18.75%。(3)男女发病比例为1.42∶1,且87.11%为5岁以下儿童,其中3岁以下幼儿占61.33%。(4)职业分布中,79.69%为散居儿童,其次为托幼儿童,占12.50%,学生占5.47%,其他占2.34%。(5)肠道病毒检出阳性率为64.84%,阳性患者以肠道病毒71型(EV71)和柯萨奇A组16型(Cox A16)病毒感染为主,分别占28.52%和21.87%。结论 5-7月为手足口病发病的高峰期,5岁以下散居儿童为主要易感人群,患者多以EV71和Cox A16病毒感染为主。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and rules of HFMD in Ninghai County from 2010 to 2014. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of 256 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease such as sex, age, occupation, place of residence and time of onset. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the viral RNA in patients. Results (1) The peak period of HFMD was from May to July every year, of which 23.05% occurred in May and 17.97% and 15.23% respectively in June and July. (2) The incidence of urban-rural combination was the highest, accounting for 55.08%; followed by suburban 26.17% and urban area 18.75%. (3) The incidence of males and females was 1.42:1, and 87.11% of them were children under 5 years old, of which 61.33% were children under 3 years of age. (4) Among occupations, 79.69% were scattered children, followed by kindergarten children, accounting for 12.50%, students accounting for 5.47% and others accounting for 2.34%. (5) The positive rate of enterovirus was 64.84%. Positive patients were infected with EV71 and Cox A16 viruses, accounting for 28.52% and 21.87% respectively. Conclusions May-July is the peak incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease. Diaspore children under 5 years old are the predominant susceptible population. Most of the patients are infected with EV71 and Cox A16 virus.