目的探讨亚慢性染镉对大鼠的肾脏毒性及莱菔硫烷(SFN)的保护作用。方法 Wistar大鼠32只,按体重随机分为对照组、低剂量和高剂量单纯染镉组、莱菔硫烷干预组,每组8只。对照组和低、高剂量单纯染镉组大鼠皮下注射生理盐水,SFN干预组大鼠皮下注射1 mg/kg SFN;2 h后,对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,其他三组分别腹腔注射3、6、6μmol/kg氯化镉。皮下注射隔日1次,每周3次;腹腔注射每日1次,每周5次;连续处理6周。将大鼠放入代谢笼,收集24 h尿液,测定尿蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力;然后将大鼠乙醚麻醉,腹主动脉采血测定大鼠血清尿素氮(BUN)含量;切取大鼠肾皮质,测定肾皮质还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力。结果与对照组比较,高剂量单纯染镉组尿蛋白和血清BUN含量及尿NAG、LDH和ALP活力明显上升(P<0.01);肾皮质中GSH含量、SOD和GSH-Px活力显著降低(P<0.01);MDA含量升高(P<0.01)。与高剂量单纯染镉组比较,SFN干预组尿蛋白和血清BUN,尿NAG、LDH和ALP活力及肾皮质MDA含量下降;GSH-Px和SOD活力上升;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论给大鼠亚慢性染镉可引起明显的肾脏损伤,SFN对镉致大鼠肾脏损伤有一定的保护作用。 Objective To investigate the effects of subchronic cadmium exposure on the renal toxicity and the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) in rats. Methods Thirty - two Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group according to their body weight. Groups of 8 mice in each group were treated with low dose and high dose of cadmium alone and sulforaphane. Rats in control group and low and high dose cadmium groups were subcutaneously injected with normal saline. Rats in SFN intervention group were subcutaneously injected with SFN at 1 mg / kg. After 2 hours, control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and other three groups received intraperitoneal injection of 3, 6,6 μmol / kg cadmium chloride. Subcutaneous injection every other day 3 times a week; intraperitoneal injection once daily, 5 times a week; continuous treatment for 6 weeks. The rats were placed in metabolic cages and urine samples were collected for 24 h. Urine protein content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured. Rats were anesthetized with ether and blood was taken from the abdominal aorta to determine the content of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) in rat renal cortex. The content of renal cortical glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide SOD, GSH-Px activity. Results Compared with the control group, urinary protein, serum BUN and urinary NAG, LDH and ALP in cadmium significantly increased (P <0.01); GSH content in renal cortex, and activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased significantly (P <0.01); MDA content increased (P <0.01). Compared with the high-dose cadmium group, the activities of urinary protein and serum BUN, urinary NAG, LDH and ALP and the content of MDA in renal cortex decreased significantly in SFN-treated group, while the activities of GSH-Px and SOD increased (P <0.05 Or P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Subchronic Cd exposure can cause obvious renal damage in rats, and SFN has a protective effect on kidney injury induced by cadmium in rats.