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目的了解海口市2012—2014年蟑螂种群构成、季节消长及不同生态环境蟑螂密度,为蟑螂防制提供科学依据。方法采用粘捕法分别在居民区、宾馆、餐饮店、农贸市场和医院等不同环境中进行蟑螂种群、密度及季节消长调查,收集整理2012—2014年调查结果进行种群构成比、季节消长和不同监测环境密度和侵害率的统计学分析。结果 2012—2014年捕获蟑螂隶属2科3属4种,分别为德国小蠊、美洲大蠊、澳洲大蠊、斑蠊,其中德国小蠊为优势种群,占74.10%;平均蟑螂密度0.72只/张,从季节消长曲线来看,基本呈双峰型,4—6月出现第一次高峰,10—11月出现第二次小高峰。不同监测生境中,2012和2013年分别是宾馆和农贸市场蟑螂密度最高,分别为1.80只/张和0.74只/张,2014年餐饮环境密度最高,达1.98只/张。不同环境的蟑螂密度比较有统计学差异(P=0.035)。结论海口市有较好的蟑螂生态环境,优势种群是德国小蠊,农贸市场和餐饮环境是关键控制场所,4—11月是控制蟑螂的重要时间段。
Objective To understand the composition, seasonal fluctuation and density of cockroaches in Haikou from 2012 to 2014 and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of cockroaches. Methods The investigation of population, density and seasonal fluctuation of cockroach in different environments such as residential areas, hotels, restaurants, farmers’ markets and hospitals was carried out using sticky catching method. The survey results from 2012 to 2014 were collected for population composition ratio, seasonal fluctuation and different Statistical Analysis of Monitoring Environmental Density and Infringement Rate. Results Four cockroaches were captured in 2012-2014, belonging to 3 genera, 2 families, namely German cockroach, American cockroach, Australian cockroach and Cockroach. Among them, German cockroach was the dominant species, accounting for 74.10% of the total. Cockroach density was 0.72 / Zhang, from the season’s growth and decline curve point of view, was basically bimodal, the first peak appeared in April-June, 10-November second small peak. In 2012 and 2013, the highest density of cockroaches in the guesthouses and farmers’ markets were 1.80 and 0.74, respectively. In 2014, the highest density of catering environment was 1.98. The density of cockroaches in different environments was statistically different (P = 0.035). Conclusion Haikou City has a good cockroach ecological environment, the dominant population is the German cockroach, farmers market and the dining environment is the key control sites, from April to November is an important time control cockroaches.