考古学是一门比较新的学问。我国虽说远自北宋,已经有不少学者考证碑碣,著录古物,作了些有关考古的重要工作,可是他们当时不过是‘摅怀旧之蓄念,发思古之幽情’,玩玩古董以助雅兴罢了。因为它和史学还没有发生关系,它自身也就没有发展成为考古的学术。直到十八世纪之末,有些研究文字学者才开始用吉金(祭祀时所用的鼎彝之属叫作吉金)上的古文字考证文字的变化和源流,也时时用这些最可靠的材料订正说文解字中的讹误,而后从前的古器物学才向考古方向走了一大步。等到二十世纪初年,王国维诸人才开始拿甲骨文和金文中的材料证明,解释或订正从前的历史典籍,而后古物才同历史搭上真正的关系,古器物学才真正发展成为考古学。本世纪的二十年代开始了科学发掘,地下遗物出土渐多。全国解放以后,人民政府关怀这门科学,推动不遗余力。加以全国各地几乎都有基建工程,整理地 Archeology is a relatively new science. Although far from the Northern Song Dynasty in our country, many scholars have studied monumentations, recorded antiquities and made some important work on archeology. However, they were merely ’nostalgia memories and thoughts of ancient times,’ playing antiques to help Yaxing Nothing more Because it has nothing to do with history, it has not developed itself into archeology. It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that some research scholars began to examine the changes and origins of characters in the ancient writings of Jigme (the genus of Ding Yi used in sacrificial rites) and also revised them with these most reliable materials Explain the word corruption, and then the ancient archeology to the archeology direction a big step. Until the early twentieth century, Wang Guowei people began to take the materials in the Oracle and gold texts to prove, explain or revise the previous history books, and then the ancient things to catch up with the real history of the relationship between ancient urnics really developed into archeology. The twenties of this century began a scientific excavation, unearthed underground relics more. After the liberation of the country, the people’s government care for this science and promote sparing no effort. Almost all parts of the country have infrastructure projects, finishing