纵观新中国40多年的经济发展历史,不难看到,经济发展呈现出明显的波动态势,有时甚至是大起大落。相应的在国家宏观经济政策运用方面,也表现为扩张——紧缩、调整——再扩张——再紧缩、再调整……的循环。由于每轮的扩张和调整所处的经济背景不同,其特点、内容、形式等诸方面也有很大的差别。本文着重比较60年代初期的调整和90年代初的调整(即治理整顿)在宏观经济政策方面运用的异同点,以从中找到一些启示和一般性规律。 Looking at the history of economic development in New China over the past 40 years, it is not hard to see that economic development has shown a clear fluctuation trend, sometimes even ups and downs. Correspondingly, in the application of the national macroeconomic policy, it also shows a cycle of expansion - contraction, adjustment - expansion - contraction and re-adjustment. Due to the different economic backgrounds in which each round of expansion and adjustment takes place, there are great differences in its features, contents, forms and other aspects. This article focuses on comparing the similarities and differences in macroeconomic policies between the early 1960s and the early 1990s (ie rectification) in order to find some enlightenment and general laws.