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潜在滑动面的确定和模拟是研究边坡稳定性的关键问题,滑动面的确定受多种因素的影响,较为均质的土质边坡可通过理论方法直接确定,非均质的岩质边坡均需通过多种手段和途径综合确定。目前常用的模拟滑动面模型有:无滑动面模型、薄层实体单元模型、界面单元模型。通过深入剖析各种方法的优缺点,指出无滑动面方法不能反应滑体滑动机制和失稳过程;薄层实体单元相当于用连续变形的岩体单元来模拟发生不连续变形的结构面;Goodman节理单元的法向刚度K_n与切向刚度K_s很难确定,且易发生单元嵌入现象;Katona内界面单元或摩擦–接触型界面单元则不需要确定节理、断层的K_n,K_s,直接采用它们的黏聚力和内摩擦角,通过接触面两侧的模量变化来反映K_n和K_s的影响,而且可以很好地模拟接触面的滑动、张开与闭合等状态。最后借助经典工程实例对推荐的摩擦–接触型界面单元进行验证。结果表明:采用摩擦–接触型界面单元模拟滑动面的分析结果与工程实际情况吻合较好,符合边坡变形规律和工程经验,特别是结构面的模拟较为真实地反应了实际边坡工程的问题。
The determination and simulation of the potential slip surface is the key issue to study the stability of the slope. The determination of the slip surface is affected by many factors. The more homogeneous soil slope can be directly determined by the theoretical method. The heterogeneous rock slope All need to be determined by a variety of means and ways. The commonly used simulation of sliding surface models are: no sliding surface model, thin solid unit model, interface unit model. Through in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, it is pointed out that the non-slip surface method can not reflect the slip mechanism and instability process of the sliding body; the thin solid unit is equivalent to the discontinuous deformation of the structural plane with continuous deformation of rock mass units; Goodman The normal stiffness K_n and tangential stiffness K_s of the joint element are difficult to determine, and cell embedding phenomenon is easy to occur. However, the Katona interface element or the friction-contact interface element does not need to determine the K_n and K_s of joints and faults and directly adopt them Cohesion and internal friction angle, through the contact surface on both sides of the modulus changes to reflect the impact of K_n and K_s, and can well simulate the contact surface sliding, open and closed state. Finally, the classic friction-contact interface unit is verified with the classical engineering example. The results show that the results of the simulation of the sliding surface using the friction-contact interface unit are in good agreement with the actual situation of the project, and are in accordance with the law of slope deformation and engineering experience. In particular, the simulation of the structural plane more realistically reflects the actual slope engineering .