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《中原音韵》是元代人周德清根据当时戏曲作品的用韵字编纂的一部韵书,它是研究近代汉语语音的主要依据。自《中原音韵》以后,韵书层出。这些韵书虽然都存有自身的局限,但它们在近代汉语语音史的研究中,却具有重要的价值。如果我们把《中原音韵》作为坐标圆点,把横向和纵向的韵书与之做比较性的研究,就一定能更好地发现问题,解决问题。这项工作,对于探讨北方话发展的历史线索,对于研究普通话语音的来源,都是很有意义的。《五方元音》是清初尧山人樊腾凤在1654——1673年间编纂的一部韵书。这部韵书在编纂体例上虽有明显的沿袭现象,但它所反映的音系,代表了十七世纪中叶汉语北方方言的语音系统。《五方元音》晚于《中原音韵》三百多年,它也是近代汉语历史阶段中的一部重要著作。本文打算把《五方元音》和《中原音韵》的声韵调系统做些比较,找出它们之间的差异。这些差异,无疑是近代汉语语音向普通话标准语音发展过程中的重要现象。
“Zhongyuan rhyme” is a rhyme book compiled by Zhou Deqing in the Yuan Dynasty according to the rhyme words of the operas at that time. It is the main basis for studying modern Chinese phonology. Since the “Central Plains rhyme” after the rhyme book layer. Although these rhyme books have their own limitations, they are of great value in the study of the history of modern Chinese speech. If we take “Zhongyuan rhyme” as a coordinate dot and compare the horizontal and vertical rhyme books with it, we will be able to find and solve problems better. This work is very significant for exploring the historical clues to the development of the dialect in North Mandarin and for studying the origins of Putonghua. “Five Elements Vowel” is a rhyme book compiled by Fan Teng-feng from Yaoshan in the early Qing Dynasty between 1654 and 1673. The rhyme book has obvious lineage in its compilation, but the phonetic system it reflects represents the phonetic system of the northern Chinese dialect of the mid-seventeenth century. The “Five Elements Vowel” is later than “Central Plains” for more than three hundred years. It is also an important book in the historical period of modern Chinese. This article intends to compare the phonological system of “Five-Vowel” and “Zhongyuan Phonology” to find out the differences between them. These differences are undoubtedly an important phenomenon in the development of modern Chinese phonetics to standard phonetic pronunciation.