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目的分析学校结核病疫情中的病例特点,为进一步做好学校结核病防控工作提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析2014—2016年北京市西城区发生的5起学校结核病疫情的病例资料。结果 5起疫情中发现活动性肺结核患者42例,其中首发病例5例、续发病例37例。在校学生36例,教师6例。首发病例均为涂阳肺结核患者,均有咳嗽、咳痰>2周的症状。续发病例中学生占89.19%,肺结核占91.89%,菌阴患者占83.78%。无症状者占83.78%,病变局限在单侧肺的占89.19%,无空洞者占83.78%。结论有咳嗽咳痰症状的涂阳肺结核患者是学校结核病疫情发生的主要来源。要重视对密切接触者的筛查,早期发现潜在的肺结核患者,避免疫情蔓延。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of cases in the school tuberculosis epidemic and provide a theoretical basis for further prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on five cases of tuberculosis outbreaks in schools in Xicheng District of Beijing during 2014-2016. Results 42 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were found in 5 outbreaks, of which 5 cases were initial and 37 cases were continued. 36 students in school, 6 teachers. The first cases were smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, both cough, sputum> 2 weeks of symptoms. Secondary students accounted for 89.19% of cases, tuberculosis accounted for 91.89%, 83.78% of patients with bacterial vaginosis. Asymptomatic accounted for 83.78%, lesions in unilateral lung accounted for 89.19%, non-empty accounted for 83.78%. Conclusions Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cough and sputum symptoms are the main source of tuberculosis outbreak in school. Pay close attention to the screening of close contacts, early detection of potential tuberculosis patients, to avoid the spread of the epidemic.