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大气中CO2浓度持续升高和全球气候变暖是亟待解决的重大环境问题。自养微生物在环境中广泛分布,能直接参与CO2的同化,因此研究自养微生物同化CO2的分子生态学机制具有重大的科学意义。以往对自养微生物的研究多针对基因组DNA,从DNA水平揭示了不同生态系统中碳同化自养微生物的种群结构和多样性,但这些微生物在生态系统中的具体功能有待进一步的研究。近年来,随着转录组学研究技术和稳定同位素探针技术(SIP)的发展,自养微生物同化CO2的生态机理研究不断深入,这些研究明确揭示了碳同化自养微生物是河流、湖泊和海洋生态系统中CO2固定作用的驱动者,并新发现了一些具有CO2同化功能的微生物群落。基于国内外有关研究进展,从DNA和RNA水平上对自养微生物同化CO2的分子机理以及稳定同位素探针技术(SIP)在碳同化微生物研究中的应用进行了分析和总结,初步展望了RNA-SIP技术在陆地生态系统碳同化微生物分子生态学研究中的前景。同时,探讨了陆地生态系统同化碳的转化和稳定性机理,以期为深入了解生态系统碳循环过程和应对气候变化提供理论依据。
Atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to rise and global warming is a serious environmental problem to be solved. Autotrophic microorganisms are widely distributed in the environment and are directly involved in the assimilation of CO2. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to study the molecular ecological mechanism of CO2 assimilation by autotrophic microbes. Previous studies on autotrophic microbes have focused on genomic DNA, revealing the population structure and diversity of carbon assimilated autotrophic microbes in different ecosystems at the DNA level, but the specific functions of these microbes in the ecosystem are yet to be further studied. In recent years, along with the development of transcriptomics and stable isotope probe technology (SIP), the ecological mechanism of CO2 assimilation by autotrophic microorganisms has been further studied. These studies clearly reveal that carbon assimilation autotrophic microorganisms are rivers, lakes and oceans The driver of CO2 fixation in ecosystems and the discovery of some microbial communities with CO2 assimilation. Based on the research progress at home and abroad, the molecular mechanisms of assimilation of CO2 by autotrophic microorganisms and the application of stable isotope probe technique (SIP) in the research of carbon assimilation microorganisms are analyzed and summarized from the level of DNA and RNA. Prospects of SIP in the Study of Molecular Assimilation of Microbial Ecology in Terrestrial Ecosystems. At the same time, the transformation and stability mechanisms of assimilated carbon in terrestrial ecosystem were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of the ecosystem carbon cycle and the response to climate change.