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目的从腺苷三磷酸酶（ATPase）和琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）在脑组织内含量变化的观察分析，探讨急性高空低压缺氧时大白鼠脑组织病理学的改变。方法将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成5组：即对照组，3000、5000、8000及10000m实验组，于低压舱内缺氧30min后分别处死，取大脑顶叶、海马和小脑，行病理学常规切片染色、酶组织化学染色和图像分析。结果大鼠各部位脑组织随缺氧高度增加渐发生脑细胞水肿、变性等组织学改变；在顶叶和海马中ATPase和SDH的活性在3000m时轻度增高；5000－8000m时下降，SDH下降更明显；10000m时ATPase有显著降低，并认为SDH较ATPase对缺氧更敏感，而小脑则相对不稳定。结论大鼠在急性高空低压缺氧时，随高度上升，其生理紊乱、组织形态学改变及酶活性变化之间呈平行关系。脑组织的ATPase和SDH的活性变化直接影响了脑的生理功能。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of brain tissue contents of ATPase and SDH in rats and explore the pathological changes of brain tissue in acute hypobaric hypoxia rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, 3000, 5000, 8000 and 10000m experimental groups, which were sacrificed in hypobaric chamber for 30min after hypoxia, respectively. The parietal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum were obtained. Pathological sections Staining, enzymatic histochemical staining and image analysis. Results The histopathological changes such as edema and degeneration of brain cells gradually occurred in the brain tissues of rats at each time point. The activity of ATPase and SDH in the parietal lobe and hippocampus increased slightly at 3000m, decreased at 5000-8000m, and decreased at SDH More obvious; ATPase significantly decreased at 10000m, and SDH was more sensitive to hypoxia than ATPase, while the cerebellum was relatively unstable. Conclusions There is a parallel relationship between the changes of physiology, the changes of histomorphology and the changes of enzyme activity in acute hypobaric hypoxia. Changes in brain ATPase and SDH activity directly affect the physiological function of the brain.