Objective:To observe the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection (SMI) in treating traumatic hyphema (TH) and the opportune time for its application.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in 174 patients with TH (all with a single eye wounded),of whom 92 patients were treated with dicynone and 82 with SMI,and their status of recurrent or aggravated hemorrhage within 5 days after trauma were analyzed.Further,a prospective study was conducted in 76 TH patients (all with a single eye wounded),who were treated with dicynone though they had hyphema 5 days after treatment.After the dicynone medication was discontinued,39 of them were treated with SI,but 37 were not.The status of hyphema absorption was observed.Results:The retrospective study showed that the number of cases with recurrent or aggravated bleeding in the SMI-treatment group was much more than that in the dicynonetreated group (Z=-2.531,P=0.011).On the other hand,the prospective study showed that the status of hyphema absorption among the SMI-treated patients was significantly better than in those untreated with SMI (Z=-2.642,P=0.008).Conclusion:SMI shows an effect of promoting the absorption of TH,and SMI treatment is worthy of being spread in clinical practice.For safety considerations,it is suitable to apply the treatment 5 days after trauma.