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目的 研究上海市 6～ 18岁年龄组的儿童青少年肥胖和超重患病率情况。 方法 采用整群系统抽样的方法随机抽取上海市区、郊区各一个区 ,普查区内所有中小学学生共 6 5 0 0 6名 (郊区 4 0 310名 ,市区 2 4 6 96名 )的身高、体重。以体质指数 (BMI)评价调查对象的肥胖患病率 ,并比较标化患病率的差异。 结果 (1)调查对象肥胖粗患病率为 3 5 8% ,超重标化患病率为 3 30 % ;超重粗患病率达 13 2 5 % ,标化患病率为 12 95 %。 (2 )总体上肥胖和超重的标化患病率市区显著高于郊区 (肥胖 :P <0 0 0 1,超重 :P <0 0 0 1) ;女性的发病率显著低于男性 (肥胖 :P <0 0 0 1,超重 :P <0 0 0 1)。 (3)肥胖和超重患病率随年龄增加显著减低 (P <0 0 0 1)。 结论 本组的肥胖患病率稍高于我国 1996年全国性调查的 0～ 7岁组儿童肥胖患病率 ,远低于美国上世纪 90年代末期的水平 ;各年龄组肥胖患病率随年龄增加而逐渐减低 ,与西方发达国家青少年肥胖患病率随年龄增加而增高的趋势有显著的不同。
Objective To study the prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Shanghai. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to randomly select one district in Shanghai and one suburban district. The total number of all primary and secondary school students in the census area was 6560 (4 0 310 in the suburbs and 2 466 96 in the urban areas) ,body weight. The body mass index (BMI) was used to evaluate the prevalence of obesity among the surveyed subjects and to compare the differences in the standardized prevalence rates. Results (1) The prevalence of obesity in obese subjects was 35.8%, the prevalence of overweight was 30%, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.25% and the standardized prevalence was 12 95%. (2) In general, the prevalence rates of obesity and overweight in urban areas were significantly higher than those in suburbs (obesity: P <0.01, overweight: P <0.01); the incidence of females was significantly lower than that of males : P <0 0 0 1, overweight: P <0 0 0 1). (3) The prevalence of obesity and overweight decreased significantly with increasing age (P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of obesity in our group was slightly higher than that of children aged 0-7 years in our nationwide survey in 1996, much lower than that of the late 1990s in the United States. The prevalence of obesity in each age group was significantly lower with age Increase and gradually reduce, with the prevalence of obesity in adolescents in Western developed countries increased trend with age significantly different.