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神经胶质瘤是成人最常见的原发性脑肿瘤,可能起源自胶质组织。虽然关于胶质瘤的分子机制和信号通路的认知在过去10年里有很大提高,但高级别胶质瘤仍是预后不良的致命性疾病。目前治疗失败的原因很大程度上与胶质瘤细胞的异质性有关。导致异质性的原因之一是其具有大量遗传变异;而另一个影响因素可能是形成胶质瘤的起源细胞类型。胶质瘤的起源细胞仍未确定,需要更多关于这一问题的知识,才能完整理解神经胶质瘤的生物学特征。通过发育生物学和胶质瘤动物模型的实验研究发现具有形成胶质瘤能力的最可能候选细胞是星形胶质细胞,神经干细胞和少突胶质前体细胞。不同起始细胞类型的胶质瘤,其预后和治疗反应可能会显著不同。因此,有必要深入研究胶质瘤的细胞起源。
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and may originate from glial tissue. Although awareness of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of gliomas has greatly improved over the past decade, high-grade gliomas remain a deadly, poorly prognosed disease. The current failure of treatment is largely due to the heterogeneity of glioma cells. One of the reasons leading to heterogeneity is that it has a large number of genetic variation; and another influencing factor may be the formation of glioma originated cell types. The origin of glioma cells has not been determined, need more knowledge on this issue, in order to fully understand the biological characteristics of glioma. Experimental studies with animal models of developmental biology and gliomas found that the most likely candidate cells that have the ability to form gliomas are astrocytes, neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Gliomas of different initiating cell types may have significantly different prognosis and treatment response. Therefore, it is necessary to study in more depth the origin of glioma cells.