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目的分析中国人群非吸烟者、轻度吸烟者和重度吸烟者的食物及抗氧化营养素的摄入状况。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康调查的数据,选取15岁以上填写完整的吸烟情况并进行膳食调查的人群作为研究对象,共51 115人(男性24 077人,女性27 038人)。结果按照地区、年龄调整后,吸烟者浅色蔬菜、酒精的平均摄入量高于不吸烟者,而深色蔬菜、水果的摄入量低于不吸烟者。男性吸烟者的能量及宏量营养素的平均摄入量均高于不吸烟者和轻度吸烟者,但是女性吸烟者有相反的趋势。按照地区、年龄、体重指数、能量摄入量的调整后,轻度吸烟者(LS)抗氧化维生素的摄入量显著低于不吸烟者(NS),胡萝卜素(男性LS=1824．7μg、NS=1964．8μg,女性LS= 1565．4μg、NS=2127．4μg)、硫胺素(男性LS=0．84 mg、NS=0．85 mg,女性LS=0．72 mg、NS= 0．74 mg)、维生素E(α)(男性LS=9．2 mg、NS=9．3 mg,女性LS=7．4 mg、NS=13．1 mg)、抗坏血酸(男性LS=91.2 mg、NS=94．2 mg,女性LS=76．9 mg、NS=87．5 mg)。结论吸烟者膳食中抗氧化维生素的摄入量明显低于不吸烟者,吸烟者较低的抗氧化营养素的摄入是其慢性病发生和死亡率高的一个因素。
Objective To analyze the food intake and anti-oxidant nutrient intake of non-smoker, mild smoker and heavy smoker in Chinese population. Methods According to the 2002 Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey, a total of 51 115 people (24 077 males and 27 038 females) were enrolled in the study. Results According to area and age, the average intake of light-colored vegetables and alcohol of smokers was higher than that of non-smokers, while the intake of dark-colored vegetables and fruits was lower than that of non-smokers. Male smokers had higher average energy intake and macronutrients than non-smokers and mild smokers, but female smokers had the opposite trend. According to the adjustment of area, age, body mass index, and energy intake, the intake of antioxidant vitamins in LS group was significantly lower than that in non-smoker (NS), carotenoid (LS = 1824.7μg, NS = 1964.8 μg, female LS = 1565.4 μg, NS = 2127.4 μg), thiamine (LS = 0.84 mg for male, NS = 0.85 mg for female, LS = 0.72 mg for female, (LS = 9.2 mg, NS = 9.3 mg, female LS = 7.4 mg, NS = 13.1 mg), ascorbic acid (male LS = 91.2 mg, NS = 94.2 mg, female LS = 76.9 mg, NS = 87.5 mg). Conclusion The dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins in smokers was significantly lower than that in non-smokers. The lower intake of antioxidants in smokers was one of the factors contributing to the high incidence of chronic diseases and mortality.