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在多民族国家,民族结构的不平等现象是普遍存在的,大多情况下少数民族都处于弱势地位。因此国家的少数民族政策就成为能否减少不平等、优化民族关系的关键因素。由于每个国家国情与执政理念的差异,少数民族政策可大致划分为协调、替代及拒绝等不同类型。通过分析中国“协调政策”与尼日利亚“替代政策”的内容与效果、经验与教训,可为多民族国家少数民族政策的制定提供参照,也可以拓宽民族问题研究的理论视野。
In a multi-ethnic country, inequality in ethnic structure is prevalent, and in many cases ethnic minorities are in a disadvantaged position. Therefore, national policies on ethnic minorities have become the key factor in reducing inequality and optimizing ethnic relations. Due to the differences in national conditions and governance concepts in each country, ethnic minority policies can be broadly classified into different types of coordination, substitution and rejection. By analyzing the contents and effects, experiences and lessons learned from China’s “Coordination Policy” and Nigeria’s “Alternative Policy”, it can provide reference for the formulation of policies for ethnic minorities in multi-ethnic countries and broaden the theoretical perspective of the study of ethnic issues.