１引言在水力发电站中，有很多是经历了几十年运行的机组．可以说连续工作的水力发电设备（尤其是水轮机），是可靠性最高、寿命最长的设备之一，但是随着岁月的流失，电站的工作水头、水力状况往往会发生变化，进而电站所要求的运行负荷及其变换模式也会变化．在这种情况下， 1 Introduction In hydropower stations, many are units that have undergone decades of operation. It can be said that continuous operation of hydropower equipment, especially turbines, is one of the most reliable and longest-lived equipment. However, with the loss of years, the working head and hydraulic conditions of a power station tend to change, and the power plant requires The operating load and its transformation mode will also change. under these circumstances,