目的分析中国新医改前后基层卫生资源配置的公平状况。方法采用基尼系数和泰尔指数方法来探讨不同区域间的基层卫生资源配置的差距,分析新医改前后卫生资源的分布变化情况。结果新医改后中国乡镇卫生院人力、物力资源的基尼系数均有所下降,总支出的基尼系数则呈现出先降低后升高趋势;新医改后人力、物力的泰尔指数由0.431 85下降到0.255 21,总支出的泰尔指数则由0.527 58上升至3.618 09;区域内的泰尔指数贡献率远大于区域间的。结论基尼系数和泰尔指数均表明新医改后在人力、物力2个方面,基层卫生资源配置的公平性均有所提升,但财力方面指标下降;区域内的不公平是导致基层卫生资源配置不公平的主要原因。 Objective To analyze the fairness of primary health resource allocation before and after new medical reform in China. Methods The Gini coefficient and the Theil index method were used to explore the gap between the allocation of primary health resources in different regions and to analyze the distribution of health resources before and after the new medical reform. Results The Gini coefficient of manpower and material resources of Chinese township hospitals decreased after the new medical reform, and the Gini coefficient of total expenditure showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The Theil index of manpower and material resources decreased from 0.431 85 to 0.255 after the new medical reform 21, the total expenditure The Theil index rose from 0.52758 to 3.618 09; the contribution rate of the Theil index in the region is much larger than that between regions. Conclusions Both the Gini coefficient and the Theil index show that in the aspects of manpower and material resources after the new medical reform, the fairness of grassroots health resource allocation has been raised, but the financial indicators have declined. The unfairness in the region has resulted in the allocation of grassroots health resources The main reason for fairness.