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上篇 跨入近代社会以来,伴随列强入侵中国,东西方文化也发生了激烈冲突。五四新文化运动以1919年5月4日为界,前期主要为思想启蒙运动,后期主要为爱国救亡运动。它上距辛亥革命八年,民主革命已推翻了清朝,使得皇冠跌落尘埃,延亘了两千多年的帝制垮台。长期统治中国的政治轴心一旦崩溃,释放出的巨大思想能量,必然引发一场猛烈的思想解放运动。传统的政治轴心——封建帝制被推翻了,而传统的文化轴心——儒学尚未倒塌,其历史惯性对现实社会仍有很大影响。一切旧势力企图利用旧文化轴心重建旧政治轴心:袁世凯演出洪宪丑剧,祭天祀孔;康有为等建立孔教会,在读经复古声中
Since the entry into modern society, with the invasion of China by the powers, there has also been a fierce clash of Eastern and Western cultures. May Fourth New Culture Movement May 4, 1919 as the boundary, the early Enlightenment mainly thought, the latter mainly patriotic national salvation movement. It is eight years from the Revolution of 1911, the democratic revolution has overthrew the Qing Dynasty, making the crown fall dust, extending more than two thousand years of imperial downfall. Long-term rule China’s political axis once collapsed, the enormous energy of ideas released, will inevitably lead to a violent ideological liberation movement. The traditional political axis - feudal monarchy was overthrown, and the traditional cultural axis - Confucianism has not collapsed, and its historical inertia still has a great influence on the real society. All the old forces attempted to rebuild the old political axis with the axis of old culture: Yuan Shih-kai performed Hong Xian’s scandal drama and sacrificed the heavenly sacrificial offerings; Kang Yau-wei and others established the Confucian Church,