马克思主义经典政治经济学原理告诉我们,经济基础决定上层建筑,上层建筑反作用于经济基础。作为上层建筑中意识形态的文学,也必然受制于经济基础,并反作用于经济基础。但文学的这种反作用并非直接的,而要通过许多中介,比如政治、道德、法律等才能间接发挥。同时,马克思主义经典作家认为,文学作为意识形态,必然反映社会的 The classic Marxist theory of political economy tells us that the economic foundation determines the superstructure and the superstructure counteract the economic foundation. As an ideological literature in the superstructure, it must also be subject to the economic base and to the economic base. However, this reactionary role of literature is not direct, but indirectly through many intermediaries, such as politics, morals and law. At the same time, classical Marxist writers believe that literature, as an ideology, necessarily reflects the social