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目的了解糖代谢异常孕妇诊断前的膳食营养状况,为今后在该人群中开展医学营养治疗提供依据。方法2007年5月—2008年5月对广东省人民医院诊断为糖代谢异常的108例单胎孕妇,采用24h膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,分析其膳食中热能和各种营养素的摄入情况,并将口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)的血糖浓度与摄入量进行多元线性回归分析。结果糖代谢异常孕妇诊断前的膳食中,每日热能、脂肪和糖类的摄入量偏高,蛋白质产热比偏低,糖类的产热比偏高,与按其身高、孕前体质量、体力活动和孕周而计算的参考摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);每日维生素B1、维生素B2和锌的摄入量不足,仅为孕中期中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量的86.7%、70.6%和86.6%;膳食纤维摄入不足,钠和胆固醇的摄入量超标;其中粮谷类、水果类和油脂类摄入量偏高。多元线性回归分析表明:粮谷类食物日摄入量和糖类日摄入量对血糖值有影响(P<0.05)。结论糖代谢异常孕妇的膳食结构不合理,有必要开展个体化的医学营养治疗。
Objective To understand the status of dietary nutrition before the diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and provide the basis for future medical nutrition treatment in this population. Methods From May 2007 to May 2008, 108 singleton pregnant women diagnosed as abnormal glucose metabolism in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital were investigated with a 24-hour dietary review method to analyze the dietary intake of heat and various nutrients, Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed on blood glucose levels and intake of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results Abnormal glucose metabolism in pre-diagnosis diet, the daily intake of heat, fat and carbohydrates, protein heat production ratio is too low, high heat production ratio of sugar, according to their height, pre-pregnancy weight , Physical activity and gestational age were calculated, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05); daily intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and zinc is insufficient, only the second trimester of Chinese dietary nutrients Reference intake of 86.7%, 70.6% and 86.6%; inadequate intake of dietary fiber, sodium and cholesterol intake exceeded; of which cereals, fruits and fat intake is high. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that daily intake of cereals and daily intake of carbohydrates affected blood glucose (P <0.05). Conclusion The dietary structure of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism is unreasonable and it is necessary to carry out personalized medical nutrition therapy.