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20世纪50年代,新中国在民族地区实行了一系列优惠政策。近年来学术界对当时的民族优惠政策出现了一些争论,焦点集中于该政策是增强了族群意识还是有利于民族团结。回顾这一段历史,应该看到,民族优惠政策不只是新中国采取的特有政策,历史上早已有之,但新中国的民族优惠政策更为宽泛深入;而之所以实行这样宽泛深入的民族优惠政策,是为了最终带领全国人民走上共同发展道路。由于历史的原因,汉族地区和少数民族地区经济社会发展差距比较大,需要加快少数民族地区发展步伐;同时,开展中国的现代化建设需要利用民族地区丰富的自然资源以促进汉族地区和少数民族地区共同发展。事实证明,民族优惠政策大大增强了少数民族对新中国国家政权的政治认同。
In the 1950s, New China implemented a series of preferential policies in minority areas. In recent years, there has been some controversy over the national preferential policies of the time in academia. The focus has been on whether this policy can enhance ethnic awareness or help national unity. Looking back to this period of history, we should see that the preferential national policies are not only the peculiar policies adopted by New China, but they have long existed in history. However, the preferential policies for ethnic minorities in China are more extensive and in-depth. The reason why such prevalent national preferential policies are implemented Is to ultimately lead the people of the country onto the path of common development. Due to historical reasons, the gap between economic development in the Han nationality and ethnic minority areas is relatively large, and the pace of development in ethnic minority areas needs to be accelerated. At the same time, China’s modernization needs to utilize the abundant natural resources in ethnic areas in order to promote common development between the Han and minority areas development of. Facts have proved that the preferential ethnic policies have greatly enhanced the political identity of the ethnic minorities over the new China’s state power.