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印度尼西亚是一个多民族的发展中国家,它由大小3000多岛屿组成,面积1904345平方公里,1975年人口1.3亿,人口增长为每年270万,据估计到2000年将发展到2.2亿人。由于人口增长的速度大大超过公共服务设施增长的速度,因而使居住条件日趋恶化,无论在城市和农村都存在着不同情况和不同程度的问题。加上人口分布极不平衡,尤其是爪哇地区,集中了印尼总人口的64％,而土地面积仅为全国的7％。这些人口集中的地区矛盾更尖锐。60年代末以来,印尼政府采取了一系列积极措施,大大改善了居住条件。其中首都雅加达低收入居住区的逐步改善措施,对发展中国家来说,具有典型意义。
Indonesia is a multi-ethnic developing country. It consists of more than 3,000 islands of an area of 1,904,345 square kilometers, a population of 130 million in 1975, and a population growth of 2.7 million per year. It is estimated that by 2000 it will reach 220 million people. As the population growth rate greatly exceeds the rate of growth of public service facilities, the living conditions are deteriorating. There are different situations and different degrees of problems in both urban and rural areas. In addition, the population distribution is extremely uneven, especially in the Java region, which accounts for 64% of Indonesia’s total population, while the land area is only 7% of the country. The contradiction in these areas where the population is concentrated is more acute. Since the end of the 1960s, the Indonesian government has taken a series of positive measures to greatly improve the living conditions. The gradual improvement measures in the low-income residential area of the capital, Jakarta, are of typical significance to developing countries.