为研究有机漆涂层的激光损伤机理,利用红外连续波激光,开展了真空低温环境下聚氨酯黑漆涂层的激光辐照实验,并进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,结合宏观现象、微观形貌分析对损伤等级进行了划分。结果表明,红外激光对聚氨酯黑漆的作用以热效应为主,损伤在宏观上表现为涂层色泽下降、颜色变化、烧蚀,微观上出现了裂纹和颗粒团聚;辐照升温使涂层组分和化学结构发生了改变,粘结剂聚氨酯中氨基甲酸酯基团的C-N键和O-C=O双键在激光辐照加热下容易断裂,导致材料降解、碳化,烧蚀产生热解气体和可凝挥发物。 In order to study the laser damage mechanism of organic lacquer coating, the laser irradiation experiments of polyurethane black lacquer coating under vacuum and low temperature were carried out by using infrared continuous wave laser. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS) analysis, combined with macro-phenomena, micro-morphology analysis of the damage level were divided. The results show that infrared laser has the main thermal effect on the polyurethane black paint. The damage appears macroscopically the decrease of the color, the change of color, the ablation and the microscopic cracks and particle agglomeration. The temperature of the coating increases And the chemical structure have changed. The CN bonds and OC = O double bonds of the urethane groups in the binder polyurethane are easily broken under the heat of laser irradiation, resulting in the material degradation, carbonization and ablation to produce pyrolysis gas and Gel volatile.