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[目的]了解机车司机噪声性听力损失现状,分析听力损失的影响因素。[方法]对某铁路局机务段2 045名机车司机(分布于开远、昆明和广通地区)进行问卷调查、耳科常规检查和纯音听阈测试,并对机车司机值乘过程中接触的噪声声压级进行现场检测,根据司机实际接触时间计算周40 h等效声级。运用卡方检验分析听力损失差异,多因素二分类非条件logistic回归分析听力损失的影响因素。[结果]本次研究对象2 045人,均为男性,年龄(39.85±6.79)岁,工龄(18.00±11.00)年(M±QI)。双耳高频平均听阈≥40 d B者267人,占13.1%。职业性噪声聋121人,检出率5.9%;以轻度、中度为主,分别占噪声聋人数的85.1%、9.9%。logistic回归分析结果发现,现岗位工龄(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.000~1.050)为发生噪声聋的危险因素;开远地区机车司机发生噪声聋的危险性高于昆明地区(OR=2.016,95%CI:1.194~3.406)和广通地区(OR=2.858,95%CI:1.476~5.533)。[结论]该铁路局机务段机车司机听力损失状况较差,其影响因素是工作地区、现岗位工龄。
[Objective] To understand the noise hearing loss status of locomotive drivers and analyze the influencing factors of hearing loss. [Method] A total of 2 045 locomotive drivers at a Railway Bureau locomotive depot (distributed in Kaiyuan, Kunming and Guangtong areas) were surveyed by questionnaires, regular otology tests and pure tone hearing thresholds. The noise Sound pressure level for on-site testing, according to the actual driver contact time calculation 40h equivalent sound level. The chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of hearing loss, and the multivariate dichotomous non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hearing loss. [Results] A total of 2 045 subjects were male, aged (39.85 ± 6.79) years and working years (18.00 ± 11.00) years (M ± QI). High-frequency binaural hearing threshold ≥ 40 d B were 267 people, accounting for 13.1%. Occupational noise deafness 121 people, the detection rate of 5.9%; mild, moderate mainly accounted for 85.1% of the number of deaf, 9.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the length of service (OR = 1.025,95% CI: 1.000 ~ 1.050) was the risk factor of noise deafness. The risk of noise deafness in locomotive drivers in Kaiyuan was higher than that in Kunming (OR = 2.016, 95% CI: 1.194-3.406) and Guangtong area (OR = 2.858, 95% CI: 1.476-5.533). [Conclusion] The locomotive driver of the Railway Administration locomotive has a poor hearing loss, the influencing factors are the length of service in the work area and the current post.