Combined with sedimentary observation and mineralogical research on a type of drusy celestite of early diagenesis in origin, this geochemical study on the Qixia Formation at the Shuibuya Section, Badong County, Hubei Province of south China evaluates the contribution of sedimentation and diagenesis to the mass fractions of CaO, Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, Mn, Sr, P and Ba in the carbonates. The Sr, initially released from the stabilization of carbonate calcium mineral, precipitated with sulfate ion as celestite in early diagenetic environment, where sulfate reduction was the minimum. Then it redistributed in burial diagenetic environment, where celestite was replaced by calcite. The fractions of the MgO and SiO2 in the carbonates were mainly modified by the early dolomitization and silicification respectively. That of the Na2O was overprinted by the burial diagenesis. Multivariate statistical analysis on data of sixty bulk rocks indicates that the mass fractions of the Al2O3, K2O, Fe2O3, Mn, CaO, P and Ba were affiliated with the sedimentary factor despite the obvious decrease of CaO during early dolomitization and silicification. Among them, the Al2O3 and K2O mainly represent the detrital components. In addition, a dysaerobic sedimentary background was confirmed by trace element measurement and information derived from the formation of the celestite. This genetic discrimination facilitates the interpretation of the transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycle and specialities featured this unusual carbonate unit.