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组织工程技术为气管重建提供了有效的治疗手段。功能性血管网的形成是确保组织移植术后长期存活的关键。如何快速恢复血供以支持细胞的新陈代谢、促进组织愈合与再生是气管替代治疗面临的最大挑战。传统气管移植血管化构建方法创伤较大，且需要二期手术，不符合当前快速康复外科理论要求。采用3D生物打印技术，将细胞、生物材料及生长因子进行一体化打印，构建新型微血管化气管支架，有望成为组织工程气管血管化发展的新方向。“,”Tissue engineering can provide alternatives to current methods for tracheal reconstruction. Functional and perfusable vascular network formation is critical to ensure the long-term survival and functionality of engineered tissues after their transplantation. The greatest challenges in tracheal replacement are restoration of blood supply rapidly to support cell metabolism and promote tissue healing and regeneration. The traditional methods of tracheal transplantation vascularization are traumatic and requires secondary operation, which don′t meet the current ethical requirements of rapid rehabilitation surgery. The integrated printing of cells, biomaterials and growth factors through 3D bio-printing technology is expected to become a new development direction of vascular tissue engineering trachea.