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韩民族地处半岛,拥有与生俱来的向海性,而朝鲜时期是其向海性强弱的转折点。以海禁为大背景、防御型海洋政策为基础的朝鲜王朝,国家层面体现出消极的海洋认识,地域层面的向海性虽时有复苏,却因大环境的被动而终究得不到完整释放。从漂流问题来看,本国漂流民对海洋表现出谨慎与敬畏,却又期待漂海带来的异文化体验;外国漂流民在朝鲜王朝得到的待遇,反映出朝廷对海洋外来对象的警惕。朝鲜后期拥有进步思想的实学家们,在海洋认识的停滞上跨出重要一步,对漂流经验持积极态度,然也只到达利用海洋的认识层面,尚未上升至探索海洋的认识层面。可以说这亦是朝鲜王朝探索自身历史主体性的艰难之体现。若要在当下重新获得海洋进出的主动权,韩民族应反思历史上的向海性的变化,以主体姿态在东亚海域中为自己定位。
The Korean nation is located in the peninsula, has the innate to the sea, and North Korea is the turning point of its strength to the sea. The DPRK dynasty, which is based on the ban on sea as the background and the defensive marine policy, shows a negative ocean understanding. Although the sea-level at the regional level has been revived at any time, it can not be completely released because of the passive environment. From the point of view of drifting, our country’s drifter showed cautious and awe of the oceans, but they also looked forward to the different cultural experiences brought by the floating sea. The treatment afforded by foreign drifter in the Joseon Dynasty reflected the vigilance of the court over the ocean’s foreign objects. In the late Joseon Dynasty, progressive realists with progressive thinking took a significant step toward the stasis of marine understanding and took a positive attitude towards drifting experience. However, they only reached the level of understanding of the use of the oceans and yet they did not rise up to the level of understanding of the oceans. It can be said that this is also a difficult embodiment of the historical dynastic pursuit of the DPRK itself. To regain the initiative to move in and out of the oceans now, the Korean nation should reflect on the historical changes in the sea and position itself in the waters of East Asia in a principled manner.