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目的探索适合高职护生预防艾滋病的健康教育模式,为学校制定相应健康教育措施提供依据。方法以随机整群抽样的方法抽取南京某高职院校护理专业2009级9个班的学生作为研究对象,设定单纯讲授组、讲授结合同伴教育组、讲授结合平面材料教育组以及对照组4个组,对各调查组干预前后艾滋病知识知晓率和正向态度率进行调查和比较。结果各健康教育组艾滋病知识知晓率及正向态度率均有提高,对照组前后差异均无统计学意义。其中讲授结合同伴教育组的干预效果最明显,总知晓率从68.9%上升到82.9%,讲授结合平面材料组总知晓率从67.9%上升到79.2%,单纯讲授组总知晓率从69.2%上升到80.8%。干预前后艾滋病传播途径与非传播途径完全知晓率除对照组外,其余各组差异均有统计学意义,其中讲授结合同伴教育组提高幅度最大(从0至33.0%)。结论在课堂讲授的基础上,学校应以同伴教育的形式对高职护生实施健康教育,以进一步提高护生艾滋病防治知识及正性态度。
Objective To explore a model of health education suitable for HIV / AIDS prevention among vocational nursing students and to provide basis for the corresponding health education measures in schools. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select nine classes of nursing students in a vocational college of Nanjing in 2009 as the research object. The students in the lecture group, lecture and companion education group, lecture combined with the flat material education group and the control group 4 A group of each survey group before and after intervention in AIDS awareness and positive attitude to investigate and compare rates. Results The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge and the positive attitude rate among health education groups all increased, while there was no significant difference between before and after the control group. Among them, intervention with peer education group was the most effective, with the total awareness increasing from 68.9% to 82.9%, the total awareness rate of teaching and learning materials increased from 67.9% to 79.2%, and the total learning rate of students in simple teaching group increased from 69.2% to 80.8%. Before and after intervention, the total awareness rate of AIDS transmission route and non-transmission route was statistically significant except for the control group, among which the lecture combined with peer education group showed the highest increase (from 0 to 33.0%). Conclusion Based on lectures in the classroom, schools should implement health education for high vocational nursing students in the form of peer education so as to further enhance their knowledge of AIDS prevention and treatment and their positive attitudes.